"Special Session in Tennessee"
Special Session, Tennessee, 19th amendment, Woodrow Wilson, Albert H. Roberts, William L. Fierson
This article is in <em>The Suffragist,</em> that consist of letters/telegrams from President Wilson to Governor Albert H. Roberts of Tennessee appealing for a special ratification session. Govenor Roberts stated that he owuld comply with President Wilson, in support of the amendment and that a session will be called. the article also has a letter President Woodrow Wilson wrote to acting attorney general William L. Frierson, asking his opinion on the constatutionality of ratification by a special session of Tennessee Legislature. Attorney General responded quickly and stated, "After the Ohio case, this leaves no doubt in my mind taht Tennessee Legislature if called in session, will have the clear power to ratify the amendment not withstanding any provision of the Tennessee Constitution." I chose this article, with these letters because it shows proof of the complication of the state of Tennessee consitution and the Federal constitution. This article also shows the major role President Wilson had in the women's suffrage movement, involving the 19th amendment. He constantly was fighting for their rights and doing everything in his power to help.
<em>The Suffragist</em>
Wilson, Woodrow
Roberts, Albert H.
Frierson, William L.
<em>The Suffragist. </em>June 1920 "Special Session in Tennessee"
The University of Memphis Libraries
June 1920
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"Tennessee, 36th!"
politics, Tennessee, 19th amendment,
"Tennessee--The 36th!" is a article from <em>The Suffragist</em> that was written in September 1920. The article talks about the week's of suspense that gave the final vote for ratification on August 18th. the article mentions Tennessee's intensive state wide campaign under the direction of Miss Sue White, who was the chairman and concentrated their efforts in Nashville. Before Miss White left Washington to head to Nashville, she polled the legislature in both Houses of the legislature for ratificaiton. The members of legislature were convinced that Special Sessions was legal and was ready to vote. However, when the Special Session came alot of the members of legislature changed their mind on their vote for the amendment due to pressure from anti-suffragist. The article goes in detail who changed their mind and who stood firm and resulted in a 48-48 tie. The Speaker of House called the measure to a ratification vote (recall vote) and that Burn stood up and voted in favor of the amendment (based on the letter he recieved from his mother the morning of) which ultimatley made Tennessee pass the ratificaiton and Tennessee became the necessary 36th state to ratify the nineteenth amendment, and winning the women the right to vote.U.S. Secretary of State, Colby Bainbridge certified the results on 28 August 1920.
<em>The Suffragist</em>
<em>The Suffragist</em>. Periodicals. September 1920 "Tennessee--36th!"
The University of Memphis Libraries.
September 1920
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"They Say"
Politics, Tennessee, Vermont, 19th amendment
The drawing, "They Say" was published in 1920, in <em>The Suffragist.</em> The drawing illustrates a donkey holding a sign that says Tennesse and an elephant holding a sign that says Vermont. A woman in front of the two is wearing a suffrage sash and is holding a trophy that is that represents the 19th amendment. Tennessee has a sign that says "Dear lady walk upon this" and Vermont has a sign that says, "My fair lady, I implore you to cross to victory upon my rainment." I chose this drawing because it illustrates how Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the amendment and how the legislature of Vermont wanted to become the 36th state that made the amendment pass. But the Governor Clement of Vermont did not allow them to have a Special Session. Which led President Wilson to try to convince Tennessee to have a Special Session, which they did and led Tennessee to becoming the 36th state and became the state that finalized the amendment.
<em>The Suffragist</em>
<em>The Suffragist</em>. Periodicals. July 1920 "They Say"
University of Memphis Libraries.
July 1920
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Has Ratification Been Easy?
The Suffragist, Ratification of 19th amendment, politics
his is an article in The Suffragist in February of 1920, titled “Has Ratification Been Easy?” by Elizabeth Green Kalb. She talks about the difficulties of the ratification process and the oppositions women were forced to overcome. she goes in detail of the first month after the passage of the amendment by Congress. She emphasis on the difficulties of the south, east and west. Every state ratification (with the exception of four) meant a long and difficult campaign against either the governor, the legislature or both. She states that the halfway mark has passed and how the long road of difficulties have just started, but the ratification was on it’s way. This played a role in the politics group paper that emphasized on the difficulties of the ratification and the major role the last state had in the ratification as well.
<em>The Suffragist</em>
The University of Memphis Libraries
February 1920
Kalb, Elizabeth Green
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Women at the Polls
Politics, Women at the Polls
Yet another feature of the Suffragist magazine was this article covering the topic of women at the polls. Due to no author being mentioned, the information and final article is most likely the product of numerous persons from the Suffragist. Women at the polls was a popular topic seeing as how just months before had woman officially won the right to even vote. The article covers many aspects of women’s voting from what they were supporting to how many of them were showing up. The article also covers that very few women were running for office and those that did were mostly unsuccessful. General statements were made about how women voters were supporting the same issues as men and placed their support behind issues such as hospitals for the mentally ill, increased expenditure for schools, better roads and so on. These were found in the features for certain crucial states such as Colorado, California and Connecticut. Delaware was another focus state being that forty precent of the state’s voters were women; this made the state a remarkable victory and testament to the handwork of women. New Hampshire is yet another state of focus due to it’s gaining two women on the state legislature. A number of other states are featured from Ohio to Virginia. Things discussed for states are voting percentages and registration percentages in states where such could be obtained and women running for office. Some states did have women elected though very few, while others had none. It is also important to note that the article makes sure to note the two political parties and how women were involved in such. For women who ran for office it was stated on what ticket they ran. Along with party affiliation, the general support or rather opposition of national issues such as the league of nations and women’s opposition to it are also touched on.
The Suffragist, Periodical, vol VIII no 11
The University of Memphis Libraries
c1920
The Suffragist Volume VIII no 11.
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Woman's Party "Busy"
Politics
This illustration was featured in the December 1920 issue of the Suffragist magazine, a publication that focused not only on the suffrage movement but the political involvement of women. The publication was in production from before the 19th amendment to after its passing. This particular issue came after the amendment had gone into effect and featured articles and illustrations, much like this one, on the new role in which women were taking in politics. The political cartoon shows a woman telephone operator surrounded by mess of flying papers. Each one of these papers features a topic in which women were fighting for politically. From health care to birth control and child care to tax reform, this illustration features the wide range of subjects in which women were involved with in the 1920s. Some of the topics were ones that women had long been active in while others were relatively new topics for women. The cartoon was perhaps aimed to not only show that women were taking an active role in politics but to simply communicate to the average woman reader what issues were possibilities for them to support. Allender was able to creatively show not only a working woman, though one in a gendered job, but also that the woman’s party wasted no time in getting involved. The title of the cartoon “Woman’s Party Busy” and the cartoon itself communicate that women were increasingly expanding their political interests.
Nina E. Allender
The Suffragist, Periodical, vol VIII no 11.
The University of Memphis Libraries
1920.
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